 2006-3-27, 10:08 AM |
Beware of two common errors:
Sentence fragment: a statement with no independent clause
（fragment简单说来就是不该重新起一句的地方给重新起了一句。）
Run-on sentence: two or more independent clauses that are improperly connected
（run-on与fragment相对，就是改打句号的地方木有打。）
Sentence Fragments
Every sentence in formal writing must have an independent clause: a clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand alone. Dependent clauses do not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone. Errors are made when dependent clauses are used. Independent clauses contain a subject and a predicate and do not begin with a subordinate conjunction such as:
（在正式写作中出现的每一个句子都应该是独立的单句：所谓独立单句就是一个有完整表达并且可以独立存在 的句子。而非独立从句则不能完整的表达一个意思且不能单独存在。非独立从句的（不当）使用就是fragment错误产生的根源。一个独立的单句包含主语和 谓语，并且不能以如下的从属连词开头：）
after, as, while,
if, provided that, before,
so that, though, where,
whenever, whether, than,
although, because, unless,
in order, since, that
NOTE: Beginning single-clause sentences with coordinate conjunctions-and, but, or, nor, for-is acceptable in moderation, although some readers may object to beginning a sentence with and.
（NOTE: 尽管and作为一句话的开始可能会带来一些争议，但一个单句应该是以－and，but，or，nor，for－这样的并列连词开始的。）
（以下为举例：）
INCORRECT: Global warming. That is what the scientists and journalists are worried about this month.
CORRECT: Global warming is the cause of concern for scientists and journalists this month.
INCORRECT: Seattle is a wonderful place to live. Having mountains, ocean, and forests all within easy driving distance. If you can ignore the rain.
CORRECT: Seattle is a wonderful place to live, with mountains, ocean, and forests all within easy driving distance. However, it certainly does rain often.
INCORRECT: Why do I think the author's position is preposterous? Because he makes generalizations that I know are untrue.
CORRECT: I think the author's position is preposterous because he makes generalizations that I know are untrue.
Run-On Sentences
Time pressure may also cause you to write two or more sentences as one. When you proofread your essays, watch out for independent clauses that are not joined with any punctuation at all or are only joined with a comma.
（也许时间的压力也会让你把两个或以上的句子（不当的）合并为一句。当你校对自己的文章时，（记得）当心那些没有用标点符号或者仅仅只用一个逗号隔开来的独立单句。）
（例子：）
RUN-ON SENTENCE: Current insurance practices are unfair they discriminate against the people who need insurance most.
You can repair run-on sentences in two ways. First, you could use a period to make separate sentences of the independent clauses.
（你可以采用两种方法来订正run-on sentence。第一中就是使用句号分割那些（本来是）独立单句的句子们。）
The second method of repairing a run-on sentence is usually the most effective. Use a conjunction to turn an independent clause into a dependent one and to make explicit how the clauses are related.
（第二种订正的方法则更加常用也更有效。那就是使用连词把独立句变成非独立（从句），并且将（从句与主句的）关系交待清楚。）
CORRECT: Current insurance practices are unfair, in that they discriminate against the people who need insurance most.
One cause of run-on sentences is the misuse of adverbs like however, nevertheless, furthermore, likewise, and therefore.
（造成run-on sentences的一个原因是诸如however，nevertheless，furthermore，likewise，therefore这样的副词的滥用。）
（例子：）
RUN-ON SENTENCE: Current insurance practices are discriminatory, furthermore they make insurance too expensive for the poor.
CORRECT: Current insurance practices are discriminatory. Furthermore, they make insurance too expensive for the poor.
Example
1. However much she tries to act like a Southern belle, she cannot hide her roots. The daughter of a Yankee fisherman, taciturn and always polite.
Answer:
The daughter of a Yankee fisherman is a sentence fragment, since the group of words contains no verb.
Sample Rewrite: However much she tries to act like a Southern belle, she cannot hide her roots. She will always be the daughter of a Yankee fisherman, taciturn and ever polite.
没有评论:
发表评论